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The ABF-260 has been specially developed for use in road traffic tunnels to form part of the public address/emergency sound system and has already been used in highly successful installations all around the world.The current ABF-260 is the second generation ABF. This second generation horn has a higher SPL capability and enhanced water ingress protection.The ABF’s low profile and its ability to produce high sound pressure levels with negligible distortion make it the perfect solution for low ceiling noisy environments like traffic tunnels. A single ABF is capable of covering large distances within a tunnel environment.For tunnels with a very small vehicle envelope, an ultra low profile version of the ABF is available.The key advantages of the ABF approach include:Designed for tunnels - The ABF-260 has not only been designed to deliver clear and intelligible messages but also to meet the demands of the tunnel environment. The primary purpose of any loudspeaker is to move air and create sound. Extreme care has been taken to ensure that the unit can cope with the rigours of tunnel cleaning, sprinkler and deluge systems whilst at the same time not compromising the performance of the loudspeaker.The ABF comprises of an impact resistant flare, which is manufactured using a fire-retardant polyamide (PA 6) with flammability specification according to UL94 with flame classification V0, a 2” exit (4” voice coil) high performance compression driver that can be tapped at 50 or 100 Watts and a 100 V impedance transformer. The exit or mouth of the flare is fitted with a stainless steel grill to prevent water from entering the flare during tunnel cleaning. This grill has been specially designed so that it does not affect the acoustical performance of the ABF-260.Easy to install and maintain – With ABF there are fewer installation points compared to conventional loudspeaker systems.
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To assist with installation an optional drilling template is available.Highly reliable systems – The cost of servicing equipment in tunnels is very high. For this reason Duran Audio uses high quality components and a thorough quality assurance system to ensure that the ABF is reliable throughout its lifetime.Meeting standards - The ABF-260 is manufactured at Duran Audio’s R&D and manufacturing facility located in Hungary. This facility is ISO 9001 certified.More Details. What makes the ABF unique?The patented Asymmetric Boundary Flare (ABF) geometry is based on the principle of using acoustical mirroring to obtain a flat coherent wave front. The ABF is designed to be mounted on the ceilings of road tunnels, the ceiling then acts as a waveguide; reducing lateral reflections and obtaining a coherent wave front.Ceiling ReflectionsThe image above is a cross-section view comparing the direct sound frequency response of an ABF to a Symmetric horn.
As you can see the Symmetric horn suffers significantly from interference caused by the ceiling reflection. It can be clearly seen that the ABF does not suffer from this problem. This principle means that an ABF horn can provide a high power and high directivity whilst at the same time offering a wide frequency response and exceptional sensitivity.DirectivityGeneric horns and even symmetrical horns generally have poor directivity (they do not control the dispersion of the sound well and throw sound out in all directions) and suffer from a poor front to back ratio. Due to the patented ABF technology combined with the large size of the ABF horn we are able to provide a higher front to back ratio and greater directivity than other horn technologies.
This benefits the ABF in two ways: (1) Energy from additional horns combines with minimum interference creating a coherent wave front that travels along the tunnel (2) Weak rear radiated energy causes minimum interference. This can be seen in the diagram as well as in the simulation video below.Intelligibility and Speech Transmission Index (STI)Public Address/Emergency sound systems in tunnels are part of an emergency system. Therefore they have to comply with strict standards and regulations. Most of these standards demand that the system is capable of achieving 0.5 STI with the maximum background noise.
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However, tunnels are very challenging spaces and 0.45 STI with maximum background noise present is a more realistic target. This 0.45 STI value is now specified in many national tunnel standards which in this respect deviate from EN/IEC standards.Duran Audio suggests that “good practice” for Public Address/ Emergency Sound systems in tunnels should be to design systems that:. Achieve an average of 0.45 STI. This must be predicted and measured with level dependant masking and with the specified background noise level. Background noise levels should be specified in octaves and include traffic noise as well as fan noise. Are Independently verified. The system performance should be verified by an independent acoustic consultant.The accepted objective measure to quantify the quality of voice transmission is the Speech Transmission Index, STI.
This is determined and described by the International Standard IEC602.The STI measurement has to take into account the Background Noise Levels (BNL) and Masking Effect. Tunnel Background Noise Levels are estimated to be 96 dB(A) sum of traffic noise and fan noise, considering 70km/h speed in the tunnel. These BNL may vary considerably from tunnel to tunnel.Due to the high BNL the PA/VA system has to output levels of 105 dB(A).
Therefore there is a lot of penalisation in the STI figures due to the Masking Effect at high Sound Pressure Levels.When we compare a symmetric horn (which is one of the better standard solutions that is available) with an ABF you can clearly see that there is a huge difference in performance when you model the system performance at 105 dBA with the background noise level present.Documentation.
Highlights from the analysis by TheStreet Ratings Team goes as follows:. The stock has risen over the past year as investors have generally rewarded the company for its earnings growth and other positive factors like the ones we have cited in this report. Turning our attention to the future direction of the stock, it goes without saying that even the best stocks can fall in an overall down market. However, in any other environment, this stock still has good upside potential despite the fact that it has already risen in the past year. SUNTRUST BANKS INC has improved earnings per share by 6.8% in the most recent quarter compared to the same quarter a year ago. The company has demonstrated a pattern of positive earnings per share growth over the past year. We feel that this trend should continue.
During the past fiscal year, SUNTRUST BANKS INC increased its bottom line by earning $3.23 versus $2.41 in the prior year. This year, the market expects an improvement in earnings ($3.26 versus $3.23). The company, on the basis of net income growth from the same quarter one year ago, has significantly outperformed against the S&P 500 and exceeded that of the Commercial Banks industry average. The net income increased by 5.9% when compared to the same quarter one year prior, going from $405.00 million to $429.00 million. The gross profit margin for SUNTRUST BANKS INC is currently very high, coming in at 91.05%.
It has increased from the same quarter the previous year. Regardless of the strong results of the gross profit margin, the net profit margin of 20.53% trails the industry average. STI, with its decline in revenue, slightly underperformed the industry average of 0.1%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues slightly dropped by 1.8%. The declining revenue has not hurt the company's bottom line, with increasing earnings per share. You can view the full analysis from the report here.